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Places Application Profile

Purpose

To document how various facets of LINCS data are modelled, along with reference authorities for the populating vocabularies. This will provide a basis for instruction for how to model data in a LINCS-compatible manner, as well as aid in navigation and discovery.

“Places” describes patterns that are unique or specific to representing information about places as both geographic and social concepts.

This document introduces the concepts as used by LINCS, and are not complete definitions of the CIDOC CRM ontology class or property concepts. Consult CIDOC CRM v. 7.1.1 documentation for full class descriptions and property descriptions.

Acronyms

Ontology Acronyms:

Vocabulary and Authority Acronyms:

Main Classes

Entity typeClassDeclaration Snippet (TTL)
Placecrm:E53_Place
<place> a crm:E53_Place ;
rdfs:label "<place>" .
Placenamecrm:E33_E41_Linguistic_Appellation
<place_name> a crm:E33_E41_Linguistic_Appellation ;
rdfs:label "<place_name>" .
Addresscrm:E41_Appellation
<address> a crm:E41_Appellation ;
rdfs:label "<address_descriptor>" .
Coordinatesrdfs:literal, e.g., GeoJSON string
"<coordinates>" .

Overview Diagram

Below is an image of the application profile overview diagram. Follow this link for a zoomable, more readable version. The segments below align with the document sections.

Application profile overview diagram.

Nodes

Place Names

For more on identifiers, see the Identifiers section of the Basic Patterns Application Profile.

For how names are made of up parts (such as a full name having a first and last name), see the Identifiers section of the Basic Patterns Application Profile.

Different types of names are differentiated by the P2_has_type → E55_Type pattern associated with them (for more on this, see the Types section of the Basic Patterns Application Profile). For example:

Preferred name: http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300404670

Application profile names

Pattern/Structure ValuesDefinitionThis pattern declares that a place is identified by a name.
Abstraction

crm:E53_Place → crm:P1_is_identified_by → crm:E33_E41_Linguistic_Appellation
→ crm:P2_has_typecrm:E55_Type
→ crm:P190_has_symbolic_contentrdfs:Literal

Content ValuesType of ValueUniform Resource Identifier (URI); literal value (text)
Expected Value

URI from project dataset, existing linked data authority, or minted by LINCS; literal value from project dataset

Format/Requirements for the ValueURI (preferably dereferenceable); rdfs:literal
Case ExamplesTypical Example & Abstraction

The Map of Early Modern London Gazetteer states that St. Saviour (Southwark) is named “St. Saviour (Southwark)” which is in English.

<moeml:STSA1> → crm:P1_is_identified_by → <moeml:St.Saviour(Southwark)>
→ crm:P2_has_type<lincs:name>
→ crm:P72_has_language<lincs:english>
→ crm:P190_has_symbolic_content“St. Saviour (Southwark)”

Edge Case Example & AbstractionN/A
Resource LinksN/A
Discussion Elements Pertaining to This Pattern

Use at least one (1) E55_Type on each linguistic identifier specifying what it is.

Projects Following This PatternAdArchive, MoEML Gazetteer

Pattern in TTL:

<place> a crm:E53_Place ; 
rdfs:label "<place>" ;
crm:P1_is_identified_by <name>.

<name> a crm:E33_E41_Linguistic_Appellation ;
rdfs:label "<name>" ;
crm:P2_has_type <type> ;
crm:P190_has_symbolic_content "<name>" .

<type> a crm:E55_Type ;
rdfs:label "<type" .

Uses/Functions (Types)

For more on types, categorization, and classification, as well as vocabularies, see the Types section of the Basic Patterns Application Profile.

Application profile type

Pattern/Structure ValuesDefinition

This pattern declares that a place has a classification, including by use or function.

Abstraction

crm:E53_Place → crm:P2_has_typecrm:E55_Type

Content ValuesType of ValueUniform Resource Identifier (URI)
Expected Value

URI from project dataset, existing linked data authority, or minted by LINCS

Format/Requirements for the ValueURI (preferably dereferenceable)
Case ExamplesTypical Example & Abstraction

The Map of Early Modern London Gazetteer states that St. Saviour (Southwark) is a type of eml:Church.

<moeml:STSA1> → crm:P2_has_type<eml:Church>

Edge Case Example & AbstractionN/A
Resource Links

MoEML Team and Martin D. Holmes. (2022). “Locations in Early Modern London.” The Map of Early Modern London, Edition 7.0. Ed. Janelle Jenstad. University of Victoria.

https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/mdtEncyclopediaLocation_subcategories.htm

Discussion Elements Pertaining to This Pattern

This pattern connects entities to vocabularies. For more on this, see the Vocabularies section of the Basic Patterns Application Profile.

Projects Following This PatternAdArchive, MoEML Gazetteer, Orlando

Pattern in TTL:

<place> a crm:E53_Place ;
rdfs:label "<place>" ;
crm:P2_has_type <type>.

<type> a crm:E55_Type ;
rdfs:label "<type>".

Address

Application profile address

Pattern/Structure ValuesDefinitionThis pattern declares that a place was identified by an address.
Abstraction

crm:E53_Place → crm:P1_is_identified_by → crm:E41_Appellation
→ crm:P190_has_symbolic_contentrdfs:literal
→ crm:P2_has_typecrm:E55_Type

Content ValuesType of ValueUniform Resource Identifier (URI); literal value (text)
Expected Value

URI from project dataset, existing linked data authority, or minted by LINCS; literal value from project dataset

Format/Requirements for the ValueURI (preferably dereferenceable); rdfs:literal
Case ExamplesTypical Example & Abstraction

The AdArchive dataset states that there is a place identified by the address “WCA, 731 - 44th Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94121.”

<lincs:xijMbv6moWq> → crm:P1_is_identified_by → crm:E41_Appellation
→ crm:P190_has_symbolic_content“WCA, 731 - 44th \ Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94121”
→ crm:P2_has_type<wikidata:Q319608>

Edge Case Example & AbstractionN/A
Resource Links

The Wikimedia Foundation. (2021). Wikidata.

https://www.wikidata.org/

Discussion Elements Pertaining to This Pattern

Use at least one (1) E55_Type on each linguistic identifier specifying what it is (e.g., full name, first name, last name, etc).

Projects Following This PatternAdArchive

Pattern in TTL:

<place> a crm:E53_Place ; 
rdfs:label "<place>" ;
crm:P1_is_identified_by <address> .

<address> a crm:E41_Appellation ;
rdfs:label "<address>" ;
crm:P2_has_type <type> ;
crm:P190_has_symbolic_content "<address>" .

<type> a crm:E55_Type ;
rdfs:label "<type>" .

Geographies and Coordinates

Application profile define by

Pattern/Structure ValuesDefinition

This pattern declares that a place is identified by a geographic reference.

Abstraction

crm:E53_Place → crm:P168_place_is_defined_by rdfs:literal

Content ValuesType of Valueliteral value (text)
Expected Valueliteral value from project dataset
Format/Requirements for the Valuerdfs:literal
Case ExamplesTypical Example & Abstraction

The AdArchive dataset states that there is a place located at the coordinates “-122.505020, 37.774750.”

<wikidata:Q8030842> → crm:P74_has_current_or_former_residence → crm:E53_Place
→ crm:P168_place_is_defined_by“-122.505020, 37.774750”

Edge Case Example & Abstraction

The Map of Early Modern London Gazetteer states that St. Saviour (Southwark) is located at the coordinates “-0.089722,51.506111”.

<moeml:STSA1> →
→ crm:P168_place_is_defined_by“POINT(51.506111 -0.089722)”

Resource Links

H. Butler et. al. (2016). RFC 7946: The GeoJSON Format.

https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7946

The Wikimedia Foundation. (2021). Wikidata.

https://www.wikidata.org/

Discussion Elements Pertaining to This Pattern

GeoJSON can use 6 types of coordinates: Point, MultiPoint, LineString, Polygon, MultiPolygon, MultiLineString.

This dataset uses all of these; most commonly used is “point.”

Projects Following This PatternAdArchive, Anthologia graeca, MoEML Gazetteer

Pattern in TTL:

<place> a crm:E53_Place ; 
rdfs:label "<place>" ;
crm:P168_place_is_defined_by "<coordinates>" .

Places as Parts of Other Places

Application profile part of other place

Pattern/Structure ValuesDefinition

This pattern declares that a place is geographically within a larger space.

Abstraction

crm:E53_Place → crm:P89_falls_withincrm:E53_Place

Content ValuesType of ValueUniform Resource Identifier (URI); literal value (text)
Expected Value

URI from project dataset, existing linked data authority, or minted by LINCS; literal value from project dataset

Format/Requirements for the ValueURI (preferably dereferenceable); rdfs:literal
Case ExamplesTypical Example & Abstraction

The Yellow Nineties Personography declares that the place that Rosamund Marriott Watson was born falls within the London Borough of Hackney.

<lincs:1i8nVqCadyT> → crm:P89_falls_within <wikidata:Q205679>

Edge Case Example & AbstractionN/A
Resource Links

The Wikimedia Foundation. (2019, December 30). Wikidata: Main Page. Wikidata.

https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page

Discussion Elements Pertaining to the PatternN/A
Projects Following This PatternYellow Nineties Personography